【直报网1月22日讯】（中金在线）旅游直销”渗入中国是会员经济还是涉嫌传销？

CNDSN January 23nd news (in online travel direct infiltration China ") is a member of the economy or suspected pyramid schemes?

World Ventures公司以“免费旅游”和“被动收入”为诱饵，悄然渗入中国内地，大量发展会员，且以发展人员的数量作为计酬或者返利依据，这究竟是“致富捷径”还是传销幻梦？

World Ventures company to "free travel" and "passive income" as a bait, quietly into China mainland, a large number of development of members, and the number of staff in development as payment or return basis, whether it is "become rich shortcut" or MLM dreams?

1月14日，刚刚结束第一次会员旅行的广州姑娘Anne，在朋友圈晒出了与中韩日团友的合影、新加坡圣淘沙的海滩、带露天泳池的五星酒店、环境优雅的餐厅、一面醒目的蓝色横幅“You should be here(你应该在这里)”等。

In January 14th, just after the first member travel Guangzhou girl Anne, in the circle of friends out of the sun and the group photo, Korea Japan tour of Singapore Sentosa beach, with open-air swimming pool five-star hotel, restaurant, the environment elegant side eye-catching blue banner "You should be here (you should be here)".

这面蓝色的横幅有特定的含义。基本上，所有参加了World Ventures(下称WV)公司旗下旅游产品“Dream Trip”(梦幻之旅)的人都会打出这个横幅。在未取得直销牌照的情况下，2014年，这个产品已悄无声息地渗入了中国市场。WV的会员声称，再等半年该公司会在国内落地。

This surface blue banners have specific meaning. Basically, all participated in the World Ventures (WV) of tourism products in the company's "Dream Trip" (the dream journey) who can hit the banner. 2014 has been achieved in the direct selling license case, this product has quietly infiltrated into China market. A member of the WV claims, waiting for half a year the company will be in the domestic landing.

WV是一家什么企业？其名为“梦之旅环球旅游集团”的中文微信公众号上的自我介绍是：WV是全球最大的旅游俱乐部，在28个国家拥有百万会员，也是世界直销100强中唯一的一家旅游公司。WV公司为会员提供的旅游体验产品，包含全球193个国家的旅游套餐，并可以单独订购机票、游轮、酒店等，保证全球最低价。

WV is a kind of enterprises? Its name is "the dream journey round the world travel group" Chinese micro letter public on self introduction: WV is the world's largest travel club, with millions of members in 28 countries, is the direct 100 strong in only a travel company. WV company is a member of tourism experience products, including 193 countries worldwide tour package, and can be ordered separately airline tickets, cruises, hotels, ensuring that the global minimum price.

这一切美好的前提是成为会员。按照这家俱乐部的推介，“成为会员，不但可以享受全球最低价旅游，还可以免费旅游及代理全球以下所有旅游产品包括：机票、酒店、豪华邮轮团、度假屋、租车、旅游路线套餐等旅游配套服务产品”。

All these good premise is to become a member. In accordance with the recommendation of the club, "to become a member, not only can enjoy the world's most low-cost travel, also can free travel and acting global following all tourism products include: air tickets, hotels, luxury cruise mission, resorts, car rental, travel route packages and tourism service product".

WV会员形容其商业模式为“线下实体+网上旅游会籍+O2O旅游电商模式+直销奖金制度”。根据WV的奖金制度，会员有可能在不停地“推荐“其他人入会之后，获得推荐奖励以及“被动收入”，有的会员甚至可拿到10万美元的“月薪”。

WV membership to describe its business model as the "entity + online travel membership electric mode +O2O Travel + direct bonus system line". According to the WV bonus system, members may not stop the "recommended" other people join later, get recommended award and "passive income", some members even $100000 monthly salary "".

“被动收入”的诱惑

"Passive income" temptation

界面新闻记者了解到，这家旅游直销公司已经推出了2015年版奖金制度。在该版本中，会员根据其销售业绩，分为SR(高级代表)、DIR(董事)、MD(营销董事)、RMD(区域董事)、MDR(全国董事)以及IMD(环球董事)6个层次。其会员成为IMD的时候，就能实现周薪2.5万美元，月薪10万美元，以及5万美元的“被动收入”。

Interface news reporter learned that the tour Direct Selling Company has launched the 2015 Edition Bonus system. In this version, membership based on their sales performance, divided into SR (senior representative), DIR (director), MD (Marketing Director), RMD (Regional Director), MDR (National Director) and IMD (Global Director) 6 levels. Its members become IMD, can achieve a weekly wage of $25000, $100000 a month, and passive income $50000 "".

要成为一位IMD，需要麾下有3000位黄金会员或1500位白金会员。

To become a IMD, need under the 3000 bit or 1500 bit a platinum member of gold member.

黄金会员是梦幻之旅会员中最为基础的构成，入会需交199.99美元的会费以及49.98美元的月费，得到的是200积分，与每月50积分。这些积分的使用亦有相应规定，比如，200积分需要在首12个月之内使用，每月的50积分，则需积累12个月之后才能使用。

Gold members constitute the most Based Dream Tour membership, membership should pay a $199.99 fee and $49.98 a month, get 200 points, and 50 points per month. The use of these integrals also have the corresponding provisions, for example, 200 points need to use within the first 12 months, the monthly 50 points, need to use the building for 12 months.

白金会员要求相对较高，比如，入会费需要299.99美元，返还300积分，每月月费99.99美元，返100积分。

Platinum membership requirements are relatively high, for example, membership fee $299.99, the return of 300 points, the monthly $99.99 a month, back to 100 points.

但是，2015年版的会费调整似乎整体上降低了入会的门槛。会员Anne在2014年下半年入会，付出的是399.94美元的入会费以及之后每月110.98美元的月费。这其中300美元的入会费和月费的绝大部分可以用于之后在网站购买旅游套餐。

However, the 2015 edition of the fee adjustment seems to lower overall membership threshold. Anne members join in the second half of 2014, pay the fee of $110.98 per month to $399.94 membership fee and after. The $300 membership fee and monthly most can be used to buy on the website after the tour packages.

在酒店行业中工作多年的Anne认为很划算，她告诉界面新闻记者，加入了WV3个星期，她的账户里已经有2800美元积分和1800美元现金，加入WV之后她已经把所有支付的费用通过介绍朋友入会的方式“赚”了回来。

Working in the hotel industry in the years of Anne that makes it worthwhile, she told reporters adding interface, WV3 weeks, there have been $2800 points and $1800 in cash in her account, she had put all the fees paid by introducing membership "earn" friends way back after joining WV.

“那是一家有9年历史的美国公司，真正的目的是增加会员。”Anne说，“(会员)每介绍一新成员入会，可以返还50美元现金，并且得到200美元积分可购买任意旅游产品。累计介绍4名朋友入会就可以免支付月费，介绍得越多，得到的回馈越多。”

"It is a 9 year history of the Usa Inc, the real purpose is to increase membership." Anne said, "(members) a new members each introduce membership, can return $50 in cash, and get a $200 can buy any tourism products integration. The cumulative introduced 4 friends membership can avoid paying a monthly fee, to introduce more, get more feedback."

“这种经营模式本身用会员制锁定常旅客来提高消费忠诚度是没有问题的。关键在于他的利润分成的机制，”暨南大学深圳旅游学院旅游管理系主任李舟认为，“所有消费者参与到他的利润分成当中，就有点类似传销的模式，可能出现问题。”

"The business model itself with frequent flyer membership lock to enhance consumer loyalty is no problem. The key lies in the mechanism of his profits into, "Li Zhou director of the Shenzhen Tourism School of Tourism Management Department of Jinan University argues that" all the consumers involved with his share of the profits, it is somewhat similar to pyramid selling mode, problems may arise."

In the member to display interface of journalists edition bonus system, any member recommended Platinum members can get a one-time direct referral bonus of $50, if in any 28 consecutive days of the period, the direct recommendation of 3 members, either gold or platinum member, can get a rapid referral bonuses of $100. If more than 28 days in the same period, each time continues to recommend more than 3 members, get the added bonus of $150 fast recommendation.

这种被动收入，依照“每个新会员，都可以在1周或1个月内完成推荐2个会员”的速度，累积到第12月将达到4096位会员，获得的被动收入将超过5万美元，还没加上周薪与月薪。WV的会员声称，该公司在过去的8年中，产生了不少收入超亿元的会员。

This passive income, in accordance with "each new member, can be the 2 member" the completion of the recommended in 1 weeks or 1 months of speed, accumulated to twelfth months will reach 4096 members, the passive income will exceed $50000, weekly and monthly salary plus yet. A member of the WV claims, the company in the past 8 years, have a lot of revenue exceeding 100 million yuan of membership.

北京市盈科(广州)律师事务所高级合伙人刘鹤伟律师认为，从WV的奖金制度来看，其发展会员的做法，完全是以发展人数来计算报酬，实质上属于“以发展人员的数量作为计酬或者返利依据”的传销活动。

Beijing Yingke Law Firm (Guangzhou) senior partner lawyer Liu Hewei thinks, from the point of view of the WV bonus system, the development of members practice, completely is to develop number to calculate the remuneration, essentially belongs to the "quantity to the development of staff as payment or return basis" pyramid selling activities.

刘鹤伟律师介绍，“根据《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部关于办理组织领导传销活动刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见》(公通字〔2013〕37号)，传销活动的组织者或者领导者通过发展人员，要求传销活动的被发展人员发展其他人员加入，形成上下线关系，并以下线的销售业绩为依据计算和给付上线报酬，牟取非法利益的，是‘团队计酬’式传销活动。”

Liu Hewei lawyers said, "according to the" opinions of the Supreme People's court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of public security on the handling of the law applicable to a number of organizational leadership pyramid selling criminal cases "(male character (2013) No. 37), pyramid selling activities of the organizers or leaders through the development of staff, asked the pyramid selling activities is the development of other staff development personnel added, forming the offline relationships, and the following line sales performance for the calculation and payment line remuneration, to obtain illegal benefits, is' team paid 'type pyramid selling activities."

传销和直销，一字之差。根据WV的官方介绍，WV的定位是全球唯一的旅游直销企业。Anne也告诉界面新闻记者，WV正进入中国市场，并将香港作为开展亚洲业务核心地区，已在香港设立办公室。2015年2月，WV将在香港会展中心召开万人大会，该公司在中国国内直销牌照已经在申请当中。

Pyramid selling and direct, one word. According to WV's official introduction, the localization of WV is the only global tourism direct selling enterprises. Anne also told news reporters interface, WV is entering the Chinese market, and Hongkong as the core area to carry out business in Asia, has established an office in Hongkong. In 2015 February, WV will hold a million people meeting in Hongkong Convention and Exhibition Center, the company in Chinese domestic direct selling license already in the application process.

"Tourism marketing" compliance risk

界面新闻记者在中国商务部直销行业管理信息系统上以“WV梦幻之旅”、“World Ventures”和“梦之旅环球旅游集团”等关键词来查询，均没有查找到该企业相关的申请直销声明。2014年依照规定发布了企业申请直销声明的15家企业中，并无与旅游业务有关的公司。1月21日下午，界面新闻记者向商务部求证，得到的答案是，这家WV公司肯定没有进行过直销牌照申请。

Interface to reporters in the Chinese Ministry of Commerce of the direct selling industry management information system based on "WV Dream Tour", "World Ventures" and "the dream journey round the world travel group" and other words to query, were not to find the related enterprise to apply direct statement. In accordance with the provisions of the 2014 release 15 enterprises to apply direct statement in the tourism business, and not related to the company. The afternoon of January 21st, the Ministry of Commerce to the interface of journalists to verify, get the answer is, this WV would certainly not conducted a direct selling license application.

界面新闻记者为此多次致电WV香港办公室，电话均为无人接听状态转至语音信箱。

Journalists call interface for many WV Hongkong office, telephone are no answer state to voice mail.

对于其做法合规与否，会员与专家的看法两异。“WV梦幻之旅”一位自称“路老师”的早期会员告诉界面新闻记者：“(WV)这个是完全合法的，国内已经有三四万会员了，发展会员非常快。大家都是在香港注册成为会员，公司今年会落地大陆。”

For its practice compliance or not, the members and the expert opinion of two different. "WV Dream Tour", a self proclaimed "the way the teacher" early member told journalists: "interface (WV) that is completely legal, China has thirty thousand or forty thousand members, membership development very fast. Everyone in Hongkong is registered as a member, the company this year will fall to the ground."

对于直销牌照，WV的会员们似乎并未意识到法律风险。WV梦幻之旅中国团队的工作人员反问：“现在直销模式谁是有牌照呢？”他说，“甚至很多酒厂都开始直销了，只要你产品没有问题就可以。”

For the direct selling license, WV members seemed unaware of the fact that legal risk. WV Dream Tour China team asked: "now the direct model who is a license plate?" He said, "even the most wineries began to direct, as long as you are not the problem can be."

该工作人员进一步补充，“再过半年等WV在国内落地的时候，那样(赚钱)的时机都没了。我们(中国)团队已经上千人了。”

The staff further added, "after half time of WV in domestic landing, so (money) time gone. We (China) team has thousands of people."

刘鹤伟律师指出，直销旅游模式有可能在国内存在，但必须符合《直销管理条例》的相关规定。根据《直销管理条例》第十三条：直销企业及其分支机构可以招募直销员。直销企业及其分支机构以外的任何单位和个人不得招募直销员。因此在未申请到直销企业资格之前，招募会员是违法的。

Liu Hewei lawyers pointed out that direct travel mode in domestic may exist, but must comply with the relevant provisions of the "direct selling regulations". According to the "direct selling regulations" article thirteenth: direct sales enterprise and its branches can recruit direct sellers. Direct selling enterprises and their branch offices outside of any unit and individual shall not recruit direct sellers. So before not to apply for direct selling enterprise qualification, recruiting members is illegal.

WV的会员在招募界面新闻记者入会之际介绍称，“我们和顾客没有直接的产品交易，只是线下推广，顾客与公司线上直接交易。属于旅游电子商务的一种，也是一种会员经济。”

A member of the WV in the recruitment of interface journalists admission occasion said, "we have no direct products trading and customer, only offline promotion, direct trade customers and the company line. A belongs to the tourism electronic commerce, is also a member of the economic."

刘鹤伟律师则认为，虽然旅游界未有直销相关的立法，但对于直销、传销有相关的立法，无论是旅游企业，还是高科技信息企业，只要从事相关直销、传销活动，均需要遵守国内相关的法律。

Lawyer Liu Hewei thinks, although the tourism sector has no direct related legislation, but the relevant legislation for direct selling, pyramid schemes, both the tourism enterprises, or enterprises engaged in high-tech information, as long as the relevant direct selling, pyramid selling activities, all need to abide by the relevant domestic laws.

“不要钻旅游字眼，”12301旅游管理热线的主任汪洪指出：“直销是由商务部核发的牌照，如果在商务部没有领到牌照进行的任何行业的直销都是违法的。”

"Don't drill tourism words," Wang Hong the director of Tourism Management in 12301 hotline said: "marketing is issued by the Ministry of commerce license, if any industry in the Ministry of commerce did not get licenses for the direct selling is illegal."

界面新闻记者访问的其他法律界人士也持相同看法。“这跟是不是实体商品没有关系，只要他在中国没有拿到牌照，就不能算直销。那么构不构成传销就要对照传销的构成条件判断。他未来能否获得牌照是另一码事，关键是他现在是否在国内持有直销牌照。不然为什么他没有在国内拿到直销牌照就急着开始招募会员呢？我大致倾向于他是传销。”深圳一位不愿意透露姓名的法律界人士向界面新闻记者表示。

Other members of the legal community interface reporters also hold identical views. "With this Is it right? Physical goods it doesn't matter, as long as he Chinese did not take license plate, it is not the direct selling. Then the structure does not constitute a pyramid scheme to control the MLM constitute condition judgment. His future availability of license is another matter, the key is whether or not he's holding a direct selling license in china. Otherwise, why didn't he at home and got a direct selling license was anxious to start recruiting members? I generally tend to him is the pyramid selling." Shenzhen a reluctance to disclose the names of members of the legal community to interface the news reporters.

“此外，就算在香港举行万人年会，跨境调查令申请都需要额外特殊手续，在香港和内地情况还是不同，不能以举办香港大型活动作为判断合法性依据。”该人士补充。

"In addition, even if held in Hongkong million years, cross-border investigation to application needs to be extra special procedures, or different in Hongkong and the mainland, not to hold the Hongkong large-scale activities as judge the legitimacy basis." The source added.

据界面新闻记者调查，WV的会员在2014年下半年已经开始以简体中文形式在中国社交媒体平台推送会员旅游项目信息。

According to the interface of investigative journalists, members of WV in the second half of 2014 has started in simplified form Chinese push member tourism project information in China social media platform.

在未取得直销牌照之际，WV已在国内招募会员，还以“拉人头”、“入会费”、“多层次”、“团队计酬”为主要特征，所谓的“产品”或缴纳的入会费通常不予退还。刘鹤伟律师认为，从会员的活动来看，其模式符合传销活动的特征。

In did not obtain direct selling license of the occasion, WV has been recruiting members at home, but also to "pull the head", "membership fee", "multi-level", "team payment" as the main feature, called "product" or pay the membership fee is usually not refund. Liu Hewei lawyer thought, from the member activities, the characteristics of the model in line with the pyramid selling activities.

刘鹤伟律师解释，以销售商品为目的、以销售业绩为计酬依据的单纯的“团队计酬”式传销活动，不作为犯罪处理。形式上采取“团队计酬”方式，但实质上属于“以发展人员的数量作为计酬或者返利依据”的传销活动，应当依照《刑法》第二百二十四条之一的规定，以组织、领导传销活动罪定罪处罚。

Liu Hewei lawyers explained, to sales of goods for the purpose, to sales performance for the payment on the basis of a simple "team payment" type of marketing activities, not as a crime. The form taken "team payment" way, but essentially belongs to the "quantity to the development of staff as payment or return basis" pyramid selling activities should be in accordance with the provisions of the criminal law, "" one of 224th to the organization, leadership, the crime of conviction and punishment.

"Free travel" mode of the debate

在WV会员的形容之下，梦幻之旅最具吸引力的要素是：被动收入和免费旅游。

Under the WV membership to describe, elements of the dream journey is the most attractive: passive income and free travel.

国内传统旅游从业者对此类商业模式有各自的解读。阿联酋奇猎国际旅行社广州经理叶柳伶告诉界面新闻记者：“羊毛出在羊身上，成本是无法避免的，免费旅游不现实。这种模式要发展很多人才做得下去。”

The traditional domestic tourism practitioners have their own interpretation of such business model. The United Arab Emirates Qi Xi International Travel Service Guangzhou manager leaves Liuling told interface news reporter: "in the long run, the cost is unavoidable, free travel is not reality. This model to the development of many talented people do it."

即便WV会员参加WV旗下任意旅游团都可以使用会员积分或者会员优惠，但是会员积分也来源于入会费以及连续缴纳12个月的会费。

Even if the WV members to participate in any tour group owned by WV can use integral member or member discount, but members of integral also comes from membership fees and dues to pay 12 months of continuous.

叶柳伶进一步指出，国外酒店更不像国内酒店注重团购概念或同时入住人数，而是偏爱个人长期住户。“你觉得真正赚钱的东西会这么张扬吗？”

Ye Liuling further pointed out that, unlike the domestic hotel pay attention to more foreign hotel group purchase concept or at the same time the number of guests, but individual long-term tenants preference. "Do you think the real money making things seem so publicity?"

深圳一位有10年国际旅游策划经验的资深人士向界面新闻记者表示：“这完全不同于传统经营，盈利方式已经不太像传统旅游业了。”她认为，前期会员会尝到甜头，但是在中国内地不一定会有好的发展。“旅游行业是很传统的，重要组成部分是合作商、供应商。纯粹依赖下线带下线的方式，是暧昧且模糊的，经济链条上的个人很难说真心话。”

Shenzhen, a veteran who has 10 years experience in international tourism planning told journalists: "interface which is completely different from the traditional business, profit way has not too much like the traditional tourism." She thought, early member will taste the sweetness, but in Chinese mainland do not necessarily have good development. "Tourism industry is a very traditional, was an important part of partners, suppliers. Relying solely on the line with offline mode, is ambiguous and vague, economic chain of individuals is difficult to say the truth."

也有的业界观察者认可会员制这个方向。“可能近期对于中国消费者来说，接受还需要一个过程。国内也出现了高端旅行定制会所，也走会员定制的路子。”暨南大学深圳旅游学院旅游管理系主任李舟指出，从学术研究角度，她个人比较认同会员制的经营模式，这对于服务业，特别是高端服务业，以及满足小众市场需求，很有帮助。现在国内已经出现的高尔夫、艺术、马拉松主题旅游等，都反响不错。

Some industry observers accredited membership in this direction. "May have recently for Chinese consumers, accept also requires a process. Also appeared in domestic high-end travel custom club, also go membership custom path." Li Zhou of director of Shenzhen Tourism School of Tourism Management Department of Jinan University points out that, from the view of science, she personally agree with membership management mode, which for the service industry, especially high-end services, and to meet the needs of niche market, very helpful. Now China has appeared golf, art, marathon theme tourism, have a good response.

“你看到国际上很多直销旅行社，线下店铺关闭，经营不下去最根本的原因是不能给终端消费者提供利益，如果能给终端消费者提供利益，还是有生存空间的。”李舟表示，“但是现在国内政策不透明，有灰色地带，加上国内对会所的打压，使得很多人不清楚什么是可以做的，什么是不可以做的。”

"You see a lot of direct travel international, line shops shut down, no longer operating the most fundamental reason is not to provide terminal consumer interests, if can provide benefits to the end consumer, still have living space." Li Zhou said, "but now the domestic policy opaque, there are gray areas, coupled with the domestic pressure on the club, so that many people do not know what it can do, what not to do."

旅游直销能否被国内消费者接受？广州地区旅行社协会副秘书长、广东铁青国际旅行社有限公司副总经理杜辉告诉界面新闻记者：“目前直销旅行跟传统旅行社业态差异化太大了。”

Tourism direct marketing can be domestic consumer acceptance? Vice secretary general of Guangzhou area travel agency association long, deputy general manager of Guangdong livid International Travel Service Co. Ltd. Du Hui told journalists: "current direct interface with conventional travel travel agency differences in format is too big."

杜辉进一步表示，国内旅游消费还是传统状态，多的只是利用线上技术手段进行营销拓展。旅游直销在国内受众面不会太广，因为和国人习惯的传统消费心态差异很大。虽然《旅游法》没有针对性相关要求，但是市场规范还是要受旅游法规管，有实体旅行社支持更合规，不然会像新兴网络平台一样被动。根据目前旅游法对常态旅游业规范，拿到牌照难度较大。

Du Hui further said, the domestic tourism consumption or the traditional state, many only use online technical means of marketing development. Direct sales in the domestic tourism audience and not too wide, because Chinese traditional consumption habits and attitude differences. Although the "tourism law" no specific requirements, but the market norm or to be the travel regulations governing entity, travel agency support compliance, otherwise it will be like the emerging network platform as the passive. According to the norms of current tourism law of normal tourism, get a licence is difficult.

“消费理念不同一般人的少数群体才会参与吧，要普遍发展不太可能。”杜辉补充说。▲

"Concept of consumption difference between ordinary people, minority groups will participate in it, is unlikely to common development." Du Hui added. *

（原标题：WV梦幻之旅渗入中国 仍未取得直销牌照）

(original title: WV Dream Tour infiltration China did not obtain direct selling license)

责任编辑：宝蓝

Editor: Blue