【直报网6月29日讯】（中国工商报 马长生 罗开卷）《刑法修正案(七)》第四条对组织、领导传销活动的犯罪作了专门规定，并将其增补为刑法第二百二十四条之一。如何正确适用这一法条?本文就该罪司法认定中的几个问题进行探讨。

CNDSN June 29 news, China Business News Ma Changsheng Kai Juan Luo) the amendment to the criminal law case (7) offence to the organization and leadership of the pyramid selling activities in "Article IV made special provisions and supplemented to Article 224 of the criminal law article one. How to apply this law correctly, this article discusses several problems in the judicial cognizance of the crime.

组织、领导传销活动罪中传销之界定

Organization, leadership pyramid selling activities in the crime of pyramid schemes

《刑法修正案(七)》和《禁止传销条例》都对传销进行了界定。相比较，可以发现二者对传销的规定有差别。《刑法修正案(七)》中的传销仅指拉人头、收取入门费型传销，而《禁止传销条例》中的传销除了拉人头、收取入门费型传销外，还包括团队计酬型传销。且《刑法修正案(七)》中的传销要求同时具备收取入门费和拉人头这两个条件，而《禁止传销条例》中的传销只要具备收取入门费、拉人头、团队计酬这3种类型之一即可。

"Criminal law amendment (seven)" and "Prohibition of pyramid schemes" are all defined in the pyramid schemes. By comparison, we can find that the two are different from the provisions of the pyramid schemes. "Criminal law amendment (7)" pyramid marketing refers only to pull the head, charge entry fee based marketing, and the prohibition of marketing regulations "in addition to pull the head and charge an entry fee based marketing, including marketing team payment type. MLM and "criminal law amendment (7)" the requirements also have charge entry fees and pull the head of the two conditions, and the "Regulations on Prohibition of pyramid selling" MLM as long as have charge entry fees, pull the head team capitation the three types of can.

为什么《刑法修正案(七)》没有将团队计酬型传销作为规制对象?笔者认为，这里涉及3种传销行为的社会危害性问题。实际上，不管在我国还是在国外，拉人头、收取入门费型传销的社会危害性都要大于团队计酬型传销的社会危害性，世界上多数国家和地区明文禁止拉人头、收取入门费型传销。

Why "criminal law amendment (7)" not based marketing team paid as a regulation object? The author thinks that involved here three pyramid selling social harmfulness and problems. Actually, no matter in China or abroad, pull the head, charge entry fee type MLM harm to society to greater than the social harmfulness based marketing team paid, most countries and regions in the world expressly prohibited pulling the head, charge an entry fee type MLM.

目前，直销行业中90%以上的公司采用多层次直销这一经营模式。由于这种经营模式具有组织上的封闭性、交易上的隐蔽性以及人员的分散性等特点，监管难度很大，容易出现“金字塔诈骗”“老鼠会”等问题，甚至影响社会稳定。

At present, more than 90% of the direct selling industry companies to adopt a multi-level direct sales model. Because of the organization closed, the transaction concealment and the dispersion characteristics of this mode of operation, difficulty of monitoring large, prone to "pyramid scam" "rats", and other problems, and even affect the social stability.

因此，为了维护公共利益，防止利用多层次直销进行诈骗活动，《直销管理条例》对直销业规定了一系列严格的管理制度和措施，包括只允许单层次直销。可见，《刑法修正案(七)》将拉人头、收取入门费型传销列为重点打击对象，而不包括团队计酬型传销，正是基于社会危害性的考量，体现了刑事立法的谦抑精神。

Therefore, in order to safeguard the public interest, to prevent the multi level marketing fraud, "direct management Ordinance" to the direct sale industry provides a series of strict management system and measures, including allowing only single level direct selling. Visible, "criminal law amendment (7)" will pull the head, charge entry fee type MLM listed as key targets, and does not include marketing team payment type, is based on the consideration of social harmfulness, embodies the spirit of modesty of criminal legislation.

The regulations of the criminal law system or pyramid monorail track system

在《刑法修正案(七)》出台之前，在司法实践中对传销行为的定性是以最高人民法院《关于情节严重的传销或者变相传销行为如何定性问题的批复》(以下简称《批复》)为依据的。《刑法修正案(七)》的效力高于《批复》的效力。问题是，《刑法修正案(七)》出台以后，如果《批复》失效，就意味着只能根据《刑法修正案(七)》对拉人头、收取入门费型传销以组织、领导传销活动罪定罪处罚，而《刑法修正案(七)》未涉及的团队计酬型传销，就不再受刑法规制，而只是一种一般违法行为。

Before "criminal law amendment (7)" issued, in judicial practice of marketing behavior qualitative is by the Supreme People's Court on the serious MLM or disguised pyramid behavior how qualitative replied, "(hereinafter referred to as the" reply ") for basis. The effect of the amendment of criminal law (seven) is higher than the effect of the "approval". The problem is that "criminal law amendment (7)" issued, if the failure of the "reply", it means that only on the basis of the "criminal law amendment (7)" to pull the head, collect marketing entry fee to the organization, leadership, marketing activities and convicted and punished, and "criminal law amendment (7)" is not related to the type of team payment MLM, no longer subject to criminal law regulation, but only a general illegal behavior.

有人认为，在《刑法修正案(七)》实施后，团队计酬型的传销只是违反《禁止传销条例》的违法行为，而不再是违反刑法的犯罪行为。

Some people think that in the "criminal law amendment (7)" the implementation of, the MLM type of team payment just violated the regulations on Prohibition of pyramid selling "illegal behavior, and is no longer a criminal act in violation of criminal law.

笔者认为，《批复》的部分内容应当继续有效。理由如下:第一，在规制传销行为上，《刑法修正案(七)》和《批复》的内容并不一致，对于两者规制内容的交集部分即拉人头、收取入门费型传销，由于《刑法修正案(七)》的效力高于《批复》的效力，《批复》对该部分内容的效力应自然废止。第二，团队计酬型传销在本质上具有实际的经营行为，而且违反我国当前的行政法规规定，对于情节严重的属于“其他严重扰乱市场秩序的行为”，以非法经营罪定罪处罚符合罪刑法定原则。第三，拉人头、收取入门费型传销比团队计酬型传销具有更为严重的社会危害性，《刑法修正案(七)》将拉人头、收取入门费型传销单独规定罪名，并设置低于非法经营罪的入罪门槛，突显了刑法在规制传销行为上轻重有别，做到罪刑均衡。

The author believes that the part of the "approval" should continue to be effective. For the following reasons: first, in the regulation of pyramid selling, "criminal law amendment (7)" and "approval" of the content is not consistent, for both the contents of the legal regulation of the intersection part is pulling the head, charge entry fee type MLM, due to the "criminal law amendment (7)" the effect is higher than that of the effectiveness of the "reply", "replied," on the part of the contents of the effectiveness of should naturally defeasible. Second, the marketing team payment type in nature with the actual operating behavior, and in violation of the administrative regulations for plot serious belongs to "other seriously disrupt the market order", convicted and punished for the crime of illegal business operation conforms to the principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime. Third, pull the head, charge entry fee type MLM than team capitation based marketing has more serious social harm, "criminal law amendment (7)" will pull the head, charge entry fee type MLM separate charges, and set below the illegal business crime threshold for conviction, highlighting the criminal law on the regulation of pyramid selling severity, achieve the balance between crime and punishment.

综上，刑法规制传销行为应为双轨制：对组织、领导拉人头、收取入门费型传销活动构成犯罪的，按照《刑法修正案(七)》的规定以组织、领导传销活动罪定罪处罚;对从事团队计酬型传销活动，情节严重构成犯罪的，按照《批复》的规定以非法经营罪定罪处罚。

In summary, the criminal regulation schemes should be dual track system of leadership and organization, pull the head, charge entry fee type MLM activities constitute a crime, in accordance with the provisions of the "criminal law amendment (7)" to the organization, leadership, marketing activities and convicted and punished; to engage in team capitation based marketing activities, if the circumstances are serious enough to constitute a crime, convicted and punished for the crime of illegal business operations in accordance with the provisions of the "reply".

Crime of organizing and leading pyramid selling activities

首先，鉴于传销活动具有多重社会危害性的特点，组织、领导传销活动罪所侵犯的客体为复杂客体，包含侵犯参与传销人员人身权利等轻度犯罪行为。尽管传销活动的组织者、领导者既实施了组织、领导传销活动的犯罪行为，又实施了对参与传销人员的非法拘禁等轻度犯罪行为，但由于前种犯罪行为与后种犯罪行为之间具有吸收与被吸收的关系，根据重罪吸收轻罪的原则，只能以组织、领导传销活动罪定罪处罚。

First of all, in view of the pyramid selling activities with the characteristics of multiple social harmfulness, organizing and leading the crime pyramid schemes and violations of the object is a complex object, contain infringement involved in marketing personnel human rights mild criminal behavior. Despite the marketing activities of the organizer and leader of both the implementation of behavior of the crime of organization and leadership of the pyramid selling activities, and the implementation of the to participate in pyramid retail personnel illegal detention and other mild criminal acts, but due to the criminal behavior before and after the crime with absorption and absorbed the relationship, according to the principle of absorption of felony misdemeanor, only to the organization, leadership, marketing activities and convicted and punished for the crime of.

其次，对于在组织、领导传销活动的过程中对参与传销人员实施故意伤害、杀人、绑架等重度犯罪行为的，由于组织、领导传销活动罪只能吸收轻度侵犯参与传销人员人身权利等轻微犯罪行为，故组织、领导传销活动罪与故意伤害、抢劫、绑架等犯罪之间属于数个独立的犯罪行为，不存在适用一罪的情况，应当数罪并罚。

Secondly, for in organization and leadership of the pyramid selling activities in the process of participation marketing personnel to carry out the intentional injury, murder, kidnapping and other severe crimes of, due to the organization, leading the crime pyramid schemes can only absorb mild violations in MLM personal rights and other minor crimes, so organization, leadership, marketing activities and the crime of intentional injury, robbery, kidnapping and other crimes belong to a number of independent crime, there is no crime, it should be combined punishment.

最后，在组织、领导传销活动中，为了骗取财物而伪造经营许可证或者其他有关国家机关公文、证件、印章，为了从事传销活动、壮大传销活动而虚报注册资本设立公司，为了抗拒司法人员抓捕或解救而妨害公务的，其实质是以实施组织、领导传销活动为目的，犯罪的方法或者结果行为又触犯其他罪名，属于牵连犯。对于传销活动犯罪中牵连犯的处断，《刑法修正案(七)》并未明文规定。笔者认为，在不违反“在法无明文规定的情况下，对牵连犯‘从一重处’”刑法理论的前提下，对组织、领导传销活动犯罪中的牵连犯从一重处，既合法又合理。

Finally, in the organization and leadership of the pyramid selling activities, in order to defraud property and forged business license or other relevant official documents, certificates and seals, to engage in direct selling activities, expand marketing activities and false registered capital for the establishment of the company, in order to resist the judicial officers to arrest or rescue and obstruction of official business. Its essence is to implement the organization and leadership of the pyramid selling activities for the purpose of, crimes or the behavior violates the other charges, belong to implicated offense. For the crime of pyramid selling activities implicated in the crime, the criminal law amendment (seven) is not expressly provided. The author thinks, in does not violate the "under no law expressly provided, on implicated crime" under the premise of a heavy '"in the criminal law theory, the implication of organizing and leading the crime pyramid schemes to make from a heavy, both lawful and reasonable.

因此，在《刑法修正案(七)》出台以后，从事传销活动构成组织、领导传销活动罪，同时牵连构成刑法规定的其他犯罪的，应当依照处罚较重的规定定罪处罚。对于实施团队计酬型传销构成非法经营罪，同时牵连构成刑法规定的其他犯罪的，也应当依照处罚较重的规定定罪处罚。▲

Therefore, after the "criminal law amendment (7)" issued, engage in direct selling activities constitute the crime of organizing and leading MLM, also implicated other crimes under the criminal law shall shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the provisions for a heavier punishment. For the implementation of the marketing team payment type constitutes illegal business crime. At the same time, implicated constitute other crimes under the criminal law, should be convicted and punished in accordance with the provisions for a heavier punishment. 3

（原标题：司法认定组织领导传销罪的三个要点）

(original title: the three key points of the crime of leading the organization of the judicial cognizance organization

责任编辑：小申

Editor: small Shen