2016-04-28 16:23
To prevent the illegal addition of health care products, the need to change from regulation to governance
[straight news network Beijing April 28 news] (Shuzheng health news last week, "Xiangtan police detective abuse sildenafil health products amounting to billions of dollars" news triggered a lashing public opinion of a new round of health care products, but enumerate uncovered in recent years, the health food case most is illegally added. 2012 food and Drug Administration heavy four non playing "after illegally added not only repeated, even makes more and more become a major security risks.
Illegally added repeated has two aspects: one is industry development lags behind the urgent needs of the consumer, consumers hungry listen to false propaganda; the second is the lack of regulatory power. Folk proverb says: losing money trading, no one do, behead the money someone dare make. Can add the illegal figure profits but not "decapitation" risk, so There are plenty of people who rush into danger.
To put an end to the addition of Viagra, the crime should be treated as a cure, the root of the problem is to guide the development of policies and means to guide the development of the industry norms, rely on good money to expel bad money market forces from the root to solve. Palliative method is afraid only from the "destroy" the demand of, namely consumer education cognition to -- health care products do not have aphrodisiac effects, which should by government is serious warning.
Recently read Huying Lian teacher in learning to a group of new concepts: developed countries in nearly a hundred years of food safety in the process of modernization, has experienced from regulation to governance paradigm shift; food security can not rely solely on government regulation, we must play to the market mechanism and social governance role; the essence of government regulation is the complement of the market rather than the alternative. Recommended reading:
Hu Yinglian: food safety management experience in developed countries
Hunger breeds discontentment, food to safety first. Food safety is a worldwide problem, the developed countries in the process of food safety modernization in recent years, has undergone a paradigm shift from regulation to governance. Regulation is the government according to the rules of market main body behavior of unidirectional guide and limit, governance is more emphasis on multi subject, equal relationship and flexible means, the experience has important enlightening significance to solve the problem of food security in China.
Motivate enterprises to abide by the law of the endogenous power of Suntech
In the ancient agricultural society, food production and business activities in the "acquaintance society" in face to face, is a kind of mutual trust between the two sides based on the personal relationship. Big industry and urbanization have changed the structure and mode of the traditional food industry, food production and management has gradually transformed into a contractual relationship based on commercial consumption. Due to the lack of personality constraints, the production operators integrity and self-discipline is lagging behind the rapid expansion of the market, the inherent risk of food safety. After a series of food safety incidents, developed countries generally aware of not simply the equivalent commodity exchange principle applies to the field of food, must emphasize the humanistic attribute and social attribute of food, let the food practitioners to return to moral character the heartfelt awareness of Suntech law-abiding is duty.
Morality is not an empty slogan, but there is a real market mechanism as a guarantee. For example, in view of the situation of agricultural product quality and safety issues, the 70's of the last century, the rise of community support for agriculture in Switzerland, has now swept the world. The model is characterized by the establishment of a stable supply and demand agreement between farmers and consumers, agricultural products directly from the farm to the door, eliminating the logistics, warehousing, supermarkets and other intermediate links. As a result of both supply and demand back to the face of the state, reduce information asymmetry and enhance mutual trust, forced practitioners to enhance the moral level. Similar to that, Japan and France from the perspective of industrial policy to support the development of small and medium food enterprises and characteristics of organic food, to reverse the food industry to bring the food industry to personality characteristics.
Food industry is the conscience of the industry, the integrity of the system is to hold the moral bottom line of food companies another long-term mechanism. Developed countries have to improve the credit record system, refine the integrity evaluation criteria, the establishment of the issue of information disclosure and trustworthy incentive system, improve the integrity of information sharing mechanisms and dishonest behavior of Joint Disciplinary mechanism. "Promises were unable to move as a result of a sound credit system, some countries even in extreme cases of suicide incidents of food safety responsibility. On 13 June 2004, general manager of company of food of Korea scene apply a because the company with very unhealthy leftover bits and pieces of the production of inferior dumpling scandal, unbearable pressure, climbed the Yongsan District Banpo bridge cast Jiang suicide to Malaysians. On September 12, 2006, German Bruner meat wholesale company boss George Karl Bruna, due to suspected of trafficking in 120 tons of carrion expired, at home in WeiZui suicide. These cases from one side reflects the importance of food companies in developed countries to Suntech compliance and social responsibility.
Mobilize the whole society to participate actively
First, consumer supervision. In modern society, any subject can not only deal with the risk of food safety in the distribution of the atom, we must mobilize the active common governance of every social subject. In other words, consumers can not only enjoy the results of the modernization, we must take the initiative to prevent the risks associated with. In many developed countries, food safety science knowledge is incorporated into the field of national education, so as to effectively guide scientific diet and reduce the risk of food safety in the demand side. Such as Canadian consumers to develop a daily focus on food safety information habits, as some of the country's television advertising words said: do not look at food safety news, is not to cherish life." U.S. consumer food safety awareness of the basic knowledge of up to 80%, with a large number of food safety warning information consumer reports is the country's most popular publications. There is system of punitive damages in tort law of Anglo American law system countries, giving consumers to the infringer main yuan Chao Zhang actual economic loss compensation rights, let the infringer especially large-scale food enterprises to pay huge compensation, encourage consumers to take the initiative to rights. Classic case is a 1992 American old lady Stella because a cup of packing defects coffee thigh burns exists sued McDonald's Corp., the court on the latter make judgment of $240 million in punitive damages.
Two is the social organization synergy. Social organizations play an important role in the food safety management system in developed countries. First of all, the consumer initiative to set up a mutual type of rights organizations, in the interests of the public and professional people who advocate the interests of food safety. Such as in 2006, the United States, a named Arthur Holt doctor joint consumer rights organization, the center for Science in the public interest jointly sued the fast-food giant KFC, called the trans fat content of cooking oil. Events soon attracted media attention and regulatory intervention, KFC had to declare the use of trans fats. Secondly, the experts play an important role in the independent consultation, some countries even the enterprise quality certification, food standards and other powers to the professional institute of. The United States Food and drug administration directly uses the standard test method developed by the American Association of analytical chemists. The latter is a non-profit scientific organization. Also, because the industry insiders know the actual situation, the industry association can bridge the communication between the government and enterprises, and effectively represent the demands of the industrial sector.
Three is a comprehensive information disclosure. Information technology is an important means of modern food safety management, usually more than traditional regulatory means to lower costs and high efficiency. UK Food Standards Agency built a unified national food hygiene ranking system, consumers can query in English more than 50 million food production enterprises, supermarkets, restaurants health level by computer and mobile phone at any time, in order to accurately identify the product quality, and promote healthy competition in the market. Germany has established a food safety traceability platform from farmland to the table, consumers can check every egg, every box of milk, past life". The federal consumer protection and food safety agency will inform the whole country of any type of food, country of origin, distribution channels, risks and measures to be taken. At the same time, a number of national regulatory authorities through information platform timely release of food business license, filing, spot checks, illegal conduct investigation, forced enterprises to cherish the reputation and improve the quality management level.
"Stick" and "carrot" simultaneously
Illegal use of "stick" to deter companies dare not. The overall food safety problems into unintentional pollution and malicious illegal two categories must be severe on the regulation of malicious illegal behavior. Food safety regulators in some developed countries have the dual power of administrative law enforcement and criminal justice, which has become an important feature of the new regulatory agencies, which is different from the traditional administrative departments. Such as the United States Food and Drug Administration Bureau of criminal investigation office, also known as "food police". It has the right to impose criminal fines on illegal production operators or to take personal coercive measures, to achieve administrative penalties and criminal responsibility for the convergence of the. At the same time, some countries with legislation explicitly within the industry initiative "muckraking whistleblower" can get huge rewards. The examples are numerous, such as Pfizer in 2009 the company suspected of health products marketing misbehavior, the United States Department of justice sentenced to $23 million in criminal fines and $1.5 billion of which is used to reward muckraking 1 internal employees and four lawyers. In addition, the United States of infant formula milk powder and other high risk food new product review the implementation of "exclusion list" system, an enterprise as a legal person and on the quality and safety of the bears the primary responsibility of natural person if there is a false declaration of behavior, will be permanently banned from working in the industry.
With the "carrot" to guide enterprises is illegal. That the theory of free market economy, government regulation and market mechanism must be incentive compatible, so as to effectively guide enterprises to abide by the law. The market mechanism has many manifestations in practice. For example, the food safety regulatory policies in many developed countries before the introduction of cost benefit analysis are accurate, scientific simulation and operation of the market. And as the food quality and safety records often and the performance of capital markets, financial credit, product sales and enterprise responsible for personal credit association and market leverage to give full play to the food safety credit loss from the norm the behavior constraints. The Netherlands national legislation to encourage the implementation of food safety liability insurance system, insurance actuarial model as the foundation, the establishment of regulators, insurance institutions, enterprises and consumers win-win mechanism of, through the "sooner" systemic risk control and the function of social stability.
In a word, the essence of government regulation is the complement of the market rather than substitute. The experience of developed countries show that food security can not rely solely on government regulation, must play to the market mechanism and social governance role: effective competition in the market will form a benign development mechanism of survival of the fittest, industry guidance to allow enterprises to self generated pressure, media supervision can be unscrupulous operators exposure, consumer participation is helpful to hold the food safety of the doorway. Only the construction of the modern management system, is the springhead of ensuring food safety "".
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